Hepatobiliary Surgical Procedures

Hepatobiliary surgical procedures include advanced operations used to diagnose and treat diseases of the liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreas. They may be performed through either open or laparoscopic approaches, with the technique chosen according to the type and extent of disease and the patient's anatomy.

Cholecystectomy (Gallbladder Removal)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: The most commonly performed approach today. The gallbladder is removed through small incisions, usually resulting in less pain and faster recovery.
Open cholecystectomy: Preferred when a laparoscopic operation is not suitable or when advanced complications are present.
Radical cholecystectomy: An extended procedure for gallbladder cancer in which the gallbladder and surrounding tissues are removed.

Bile Duct Surgery

Bile duct exploration: Surgical removal of stones when bile duct stones (choledocholithiasis) are identified.
Bile duct resection: Removal of a portion of the bile duct because of a tumor, narrowing, or trauma. Reconstruction is performed when needed.

Liver Resection

Liver resection is the removal of part of the liver because of a tumor, cyst, metastasis, or traumatic injury. It is considered in two main categories:

Anatomical Resections

Right or left hepatectomy: Removal of the entire right or left lobe of the liver.
Segmentectomy: Removal of a specified liver segment according to anatomical boundaries.

Non-Anatomical Resections

Wedge resection: Removal of a wedge-shaped portion of the liver without following segmental anatomical boundaries.
Metastasectomy: Selective removal of liver metastases.

Procedures Creating an Anastomosis Between the Bile Duct and Small Intestine

Hepaticojejunostomy: Creating a surgical connection between the bile duct and the jejunum. It is commonly used for bile duct obstruction.
Hepaticoduodenostomy: Connecting the main bile duct of the liver to the duodenum.

Pancreatic Surgery

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure): A complex operation involving removal of the head of the pancreas, the duodenum, bile ducts, and sometimes part of the stomach. It is particularly used for cancers of the pancreatic head.
Distal pancreatectomy: Removal of the tail of the pancreas, and the spleen if necessary.
Pancreatic enucleation: Removal of small, benign pancreatic tumors while preserving the overall structure of the organ.

Hepatobiliary procedures should be carried out by multidisciplinary teams. These complex operations require advanced technology and experienced surgeons and are intended to improve both survival and quality of life.