Medications Used After Kidney Transplantation
Immunosuppressive drugs are used to prevent rejection of the transplanted kidney. Because doses of some of these drugs are adjusted according to blood levels, patients should attend monitoring appointments fasting and before taking those medicines when instructed. Medicines must be taken at the doses, times, and in the manner prescribed by the physician.
Medicines used to prevent infections are discontinued at later stages as directed. Painkillers and antibiotics should be taken only on a physician's advice. Smoking and alcohol are strongly discouraged.
Follow-Up Schedule
After kidney transplantation, patients need lifelong follow-up. The source describes the first check-up as occurring two days after the operation, with the following schedule:
- First two weeks: Twice a week
- Next two weeks: Once a week
- Months 1–3: Every 15 days
- Months 3–12: Monthly
- Thereafter: Every two to three months
A stent may be placed between the kidney and bladder if needed, and is generally removed after about three weeks.
Measures to Prevent Infection
- Wear a mask and avoid crowds for the first six months
- Avoid contact with people who are ill
- Practice careful hand hygiene
- Avoid animals, soil, and dusty environments
- Avoid public toilets, Turkish baths, swimming pools, and saunas for at least one year
- Avoid offal and foods from unreliable sources
Dietary Recommendations
Because of the high doses of medicines taken after transplantation, choose foods that are low in fat, salt, and sugar. Wash raw fruits and vegetables thoroughly, and cook meat products completely.
Protein restriction is generally unnecessary. A balanced diet is recommended. Grapefruit and pomegranate should be avoided because they may interact with medications.
The source recommends consuming at least 2.5 liters of fluid daily.
Returning to Work
Patients whose health permits may return to work after three to six months. The decision depends on the type of work and hygiene conditions in the workplace.
Daily Activities
- Do not lift anything heavier than 5 kg during the first three months
- Avoid strenuous sports and exercise during the first year
- Avoid movements that increase abdominal pressure
- Do not drive during the first month
- You may shower standing up, taking care not to irritate the surgical site
Sexual Activity and Pregnancy
Patients who recover without complications may resume sexual activity after six weeks. If a partner has an infection, it should be treated. Wait at least one year before planning pregnancy, and always do so under medical supervision.
Lifespan of the Transplanted Kidney
A transplanted kidney remains at risk of rejection throughout life. Following instructions and attending regular check-ups can reduce this risk. The source reports survival after transplantation as three times longer than for patients undergoing dialysis.
Follow-Up of the Donor
- Drink 2.5 liters of fluid daily
- Attend a follow-up visit after one week
- Avoid lifting heavy objects for one year
- Inform other healthcare providers that you have donated a kidney
The source states that donors have a life expectancy similar to the general population and that their risk of chronic kidney disease does not increase.